Apparatus for the manufacture of water gas



Sept. 23, 19.24. 3 509554 F. HOLDEN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACT UREOF WATER GAS Origin a1 Filed 0c-t, 17 1922 Z'Shee't's-Sheet 1 7 T" F. HOLDEN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERGAS I ori inal-Filed 0m. 17,, 1922 2 snw-iw-srmz 2 has all rnoinas r. notnnn, or WASHINGTON, DISTRICT or COLUMBIA, assreuon or ourr rnrnn ro nonnnr n. wnavnn, or wnsnrueron, nisrnror or COLUMBIA, nun one-rennin To CAI-VIN vos, or new YORK, n. r.

arrannrus roa rnn nauurno'runn or WATER en's.

Original application filed October 1,7, 1922, Serial No. 595,112. Divided ancl this application filed April 3,

ices, Serial no; 629,619.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS F. HOLDEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at "Washington, District of Columbia, have invented ,certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Water Gas, of which the. .followingis a specification, this'application being a division'of my application for patent for process of manufacturing water gas, Serial No, 595,112, filed October 17, 1922. g

My invention relates to certain new, novel and useful improvements in apparatus for by a succession. of alternateair and steam treatments, the alr treatment being: so conducted as to accumulate. a max mum of sensible vheat to the fire bed, and the steam treatment" prolonged for a greater period than, is customary; of usin the sensible heat of the productsescaping from the particular air treatment to heat the fire clay refractory region; of means for injecting straight coal. gas, either rich or lean in I B. t. u. quality as conditions may allow and providing a thorough commingling and mixture between said rich or loan coal gas and the resulting water gas that is made in the generator, and of enriching the said gas produced in-the steam treatment in such refractory re ion sprayed ,or' vaporized oil, asmightily.li ema esented. The prime objectof thisinvention is to provide 'a simple, durable, economical and thoroughly efficient apparatus for the manufacture of watergas, whereby a superior gradeand greater volume of gas can be made than fromany apparatus of equal proportions that is now employed in the manufacture of, such. gas. z. I Another-object of the invention is to so construct. my improved apparatus as to eliminate the possibility of any excess in the capacity of water gas over the blending,

mixing, and fixing capacities .of the water gas and enrichingoil into a good standard commercial carbureted water gas, as 18 now experienced in other'types of similar apparatus where the generator is far above the mixing and fixing capacities of the carbureter and superheater, that cause an unto more thoroughly heat the water '.t ure, and producing a drier Water "before it meets the enriching oil being the manufacture of water gas, and con' .sists in making such gas from ignited fuel gas to leave the said apparatus.

Another object of this inventionis to provide what may be properly termed an economizing chamber at one side 'of and forming a portion of the carburetor, adapted as as it is passed upward therethrough, thus delivering said gas into the primaryrnixing chamber'formed at the top portion of the carburetor at a much higher temperasprayedjnto said mixing chamber, since the hot water gas entering into the economizmg chamber .is protected from the' existing construct my improved carburetor with a primary mixingchamber so formed in its top portion, that the water gas is separated into two streams, and said gas is not allowed to meet the oil enricher which is being sprayed into the top of said chamber until the oil-has hadsuflicient time, to become thoroughly vaporized and gasified, when they are'thorou'ghly commingled and mixed together and caused to pass down through the checker-work installed in the secondary mixing chamber and become more generally and thoroughly blended together, from whence'they pass out, into and up through the superheat'er where they are more readily fixed into a commercial gas, thus resulting in what is known as carbureted water gas. of any desired B. t. 11. standard.

Further objects of the invention are to provide more eflicient and improved refractory surfaces than are now provided in the standard type of water gas apparatus toinsure improved oil results and a cor construct the apparatus as to permit the use of any grade of generator fuel of reasonable standard, such as anthracite coal, oven, chamber or retort coke, and bitumi, nous coal -of low' sulphur content; to materially increase thecapacity above that obtained by any existing water, gas appara- I i by mixing r the desired org-required standard; to inject 10 tus; 1 to eliminate the excessive accumulation of tarry'waste and reduce the formation of blended intola uniform commercial gas of natural gaswhich is high in B. .t. u. quality it y with uncarbure'tedwater gas underhigh temperature control to reducesaid quality so that it will become thoroughly blended into a uniform com-" :me'rcial gas of f-the1 desiredr standard; to 5 reduce and prevent clinker formation when.

the-apparatusis properly operated, hence furnishinga freer and improved circulation I of the air and steam blast through the fuel bed, and to change any existing water gas apparatus to my construction-at comparative'ly slight expense'to the operating comof water gas, 7f is the upper steam supply 2 Fig. 3.

- The-foregoing and such? other objects as may appear from the ensuing description are accomplished by the construction, ar-

" rang'ement, combination and location ofthe parts hereinafter morefully described, il-

36 lustrated by the accompanying drawings,

and particularly pointed out in the claims appended hereto, it beingv understoodthat slight-changes in the precise form, proportions and minor details of the construction may be resorted to without'departingfrom the spirit or sacrificing any of the. advante, agesof the invention. g

' In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification it'will be seen that:

' Y Figurel isavertical section of the im proved apparatusembodyin'g my invention.

a Figure 2 is a cross section taken. on the plane'of the dotted lines 2-2, Fig.1.

s Figure 3 is adetail partly in vertical section' showing the usual valve seatedon the to outlet of the superheater,'and

liigure t is'a plan 0t he detail shown in- In the embodiment of my invention. as illustrated; the numeral 1-, designates the gen- 1' ferator provided with an upper'up-run we gas 0utlet3, and an u p erhot gas'outlet gas valve-4, while 5 indicates the lower'or v down run water gas outletiand 6, the lower I v 4 23 wh1ch causes the gas to be separated into two streams and directs said streams around the-wall, thus preventing the said water gas gas outlet gate valve. is the lower stean manifold or steam distributor for an up-run for a down run of waterig'as, 8. is the top cooling hole or opening, 9 is'the cleaning or stoker doors, 10 is the ash cleaning doors,-1 1

is theprimary air blast inlet, 11 is the elbow connected with saidinlet, l2ris the econo- 'mizer chamber between the generator and carbureter and forming a part of said carbureterat one side theerof, 13 is. the upper. gas inlet to said chamber, 14: is the lower gas inlet to the chamber =12, 15 is the "as outlet from the upper portion of the-cha ber, 16 is the-secondary ar blast inlet connected with said chamber 12, 17 isthe inlet for the coal gas and natural gas gleadin to the chamber 12, 18 is the sight cock, an "19 is theash or residue opening formed in the .lower or bottom portion of the 1econom1z1n chamber.

.' The carbureter 20 is provide at itsupper endr portion with a vpr mary mlxing chamber'21 having a hot gas inlet 22 to the chamber, said chamber being formed a horseinto the secondary mixing chamber forming "the body and .lower portion of the carbureter,sa1d latter chamber being substantially filled ,with refractory checker-work. 26,

through-saidchecker-work and into the con-t necting passage 27 between the carbureter and superheater 28, thence into and through the refractory checker-work 29 and thou h the outlet orglgs take-ofi-opening 30 into t e stack or gas 31, provided with the usual valve 32, and thence throughrthe as takeoli connections 33 to the washer ox' (not\ shown).

The air, steam, coal gas, natural gas and oil utilized in connection with this 'appara tus may besupplied from any suitable or de sirable' source,and either live steam or exhaust steam or both may be employed.

It will be presumed that; my improvedwater gas apparatus is especiallydesigned for-use in connection with what is known as the up and down run,'and is so constructed that the hot water gas entering the econo-' mizing chamber'12 from the generator is protected from. the usual chilling effect during itspassage due to the thicker and imchamberandas the said water gas enters 'from'the top of said chamber into the car bureter it impinges upon and'contacts with the highly heated refractory deflecting .wall

to'meet the enr'iching oil which 3 is vbeing proved-refractory tile walls formed in said i sprayed into the primary mixing chamber 21, until the said enriching oil has had sufficient'tiineto be thoroughly vaporized and her b contact'with the highly heated wall 23, w en the water gas enterin into the primary mixing chamber throug 1 the inlet 22 thoroughlycommingles and is mixed with gasified in the highly heated mixing-chamthe oil gas, the resultant gas product passing through the opening 25 into the second.

ary mixing chamber, through the specially prepared checker-work in the latter chamber, thus being more thoroughly blended, whence it passes out, into and up through a mass of specially prepared checker-work inthe superheater where it is readily fixed into a commercial gas. The blast gases being more highly heated in their passage throu h the improved channels formed by my co struction willprovide'an' improved and more rapid means of regeneration of the desired temperature for another succeeding run ofwater gas with less loss of fuel elficiency, and since I provide improved refractory surfaces over those now provided inthe standard generator fuel ofreaso-nable good standard,

correspondingly type of Water gas apparatus, the said gas is delivered much higher in temperature, and

thereforea drier gas, before it meets the enrichingoil being sprayed into the top of the primary mixing chamber of the carbureter, hence assuring improved oil results and-a superior fixed ,carbureted water gas product. p f

VVh'le it will be understood that my con,- struction allows forthe use of any grade of by the use of bituminous coal, I can materially eheapen the production of water gas below the cost made on any er, the well known 1gas apparatus. The oil used to make will be less than best. results obtainable on anyknown' water gas apparatus. Agam, I have provided in connectionwith my apparatus an intake 17 for natural gas, straight 1 coal gas, either rich or lean in B. t. u. quantity as conditions'may allow. They said intake is positioned at the top portion of the economizing chamber between the generator and carbureter proper, and provides a mix ture between the said rich o'r-lean. coal gas and the resulting water gas that is made in the generator which will permit of a ma terial reduction in the usual enriching oil per M cu. ft. of gas made. in my apparatus from what 'can be shown by the operation of any of the known water gas apparatus.

It is .well known that water gas made from bituminous c'oalfis of superior quality to that made from anthracite coal or any grade of coke the greatest detriment to its use is the liability of its clouding or fouling the passages between the checker-work in the carbureter and superheater, but this fear is allayed by the material employed and the improved method used in the arrangement of the checker work used in myconstruetion, and-the use of bituminous coal is preferred since a superior and cheaper gas'is pro duced therefrom.

The gas made by my apparatus will elimimate the excessive production of oily water gas tar, or condensates, due to the fact that t. u. standard of carbureted gas the water gas and oilare so blended together as to produce a mdre stable non-con densable product. This form of, apparatus can be built and maintained as cheaply as any of the known type of apparatus employed for the same purpose; all parts are readily accessible when repairs are deemed stitute the resultant' product.

The six bottom rows of checker-work disposed in the superheater or fixer are formed from the standard checker brickand are so 'spacedas to suit any desired grade of fuel, then I use what is known as the standard blast furnace. brick 2% inches square by 9 inches long until these reach. the top six courses of the said checker-work the topsix courses being of standard checker'brick, like those o'f-the'six lower courses, said top six courses being spaced with each course one eighth of an inch wider than the preceding course, hence the top layer or course is spaced wider apart than the other layers or courses to allow for the natural expan sion of the gals, then an increased area of refractory surfaces are formed and an improved method of arranging the checkerwork is employed.

.By. injecting coal gas of low u. standard'through the intake 17 into .the upper part'of the chamber 12, and mixing it with the water gas under high temperature regulationand control, said temperature control causes a more intense afiinity and more thorough blending of the gases, thus resulting in theproduction ofan increased volume of a uniform non-stratifiable, and non-condensable commercial gas of the desired B. u.-quality,'suchas may be required in any particular locality, while the injection of natural gas of high B. t. u. standard through said intake, and mixing it with un- 1 carbureted water gas under high temperature control serves to reduce its B. t. u. quality, and results 1n, producing an 1ncreased volume of uniform commercial gas of the B.- t. u. standard suclfas may be required or desired, as will bereadily obvious to those skilled in the fart of the production of gases. p

It will be understood that by the construction and arrangement of the apparatus hereinbefore describedl am enabledto prolong the gas run from 20 to 30 per cent. longer than in the existing standard gas apparatus,

refractory surfaces employed;

Patent is: I

ary mixingflchamber Within thecarbureter said carbuieter with the walls 0 having checker-Work disposed therein. QrAIl apparatus for id d with inlets ondar'y mixing chamber withirithe carbure" said carbureter and connected-with the gencomprising a for steam and air",.a carbureterl, an ec for the reason that'the air is so delivered ot said ehainber, .a horse shoe shaped wall 1 to cause-a regeneration, of heat inthe fuel sealed against the inner upper surface ofbed and on the increased area and improved the carbureter jforming a primary mixing" chamber, meansfor 'spra ing oil into the Having thus described my invention, upper end ofthe mixing 0 amber, a secondwhat Lc'laim' and'desire to secure by Lettersy mixmg h m f med within the car- I v r I bureter, and a superheater or fixing chamber .11, A apparatus f m ki g t hating s ecially arranged checker-work comprismg a generator, a carbureter conformed 0 diiferent sizes and materials 1 formedatone side of said carbureter and nected therewith, an economizing chambeutherein. I I

' 6. 'An apparatus for making water gas, connected to the g'enerator, said chamber comprising a generatOr, ,a carbureter. con-' having a lateralut-let. passage'co nnected to 'ne cted tllBIjGWltll and formed With an ((30110- a primary fixing chamber formed at the naming chamber at one side thereof, a pritop portion of the ca rbureter, and'a Second many chamber'formed at the top portion of said cham- II ing Water gas, upper surface of the carbureter, and a seccomprising a generator pr I n ter having 'checker work disposed therein. miz'ing chamber forming 'one side portion ot erator, a horseshoe shaped wallat' the top .nectedtherewiti formed with an economizportion ofthe carbureter forming a primary mg chamber at one side thereof, means indelmixing chamber, a-secondary mixing champendent of the opening from the generaber formed in the body "and lowerportior tor ,iorinjecting coal gas into the upper end of said carbureter, and a superheater or fix portion of said chamber, a primary chamber, ing chamber connected with the carbureter. formedatthe top portion of the carbureter com rising; a generator, a' ,ca rbureter, an' sealed by expansion against the inner upper economi'zmg chamber forming a po'rtion of surface of the carbureter, and a secondary said c arbureter; I means independent of the mixing chamber'within said carburetor havopening from the generator for injecting ing checker-work disposed therein. coal gas'into said chambena U-shaped.,wal-l 8. AnUappar-atu's for makin water gas sealed, by expansion against the'inner upper comprising a generator, a car'ureter conber sealed by expansion against the inner 7. An apparatus for .m'akin water gas enerator, a cai'bureter m'qn- An apparatus foi." making Water'gas, witl1-the walls ofsaid primary chamber su-rtacelof ,said carbureter forming a prihectedtherewithformed with an' economjznected' with-said carbureter.

mafi$ .;mixing chamber, means for spraying ing chamber at one side-thereof,mcans'indeoil into said. mixing chamber, a secondary pendent of the openingfrom thc encrator mixing chamber. formed the carbureter, for injecting combustible gas into ticupper and afixing chamber or superheaterconend portion of-said chamber, and a primary chamber formed atfthe top portion of the 4. An apparatus for making-Water gas, carbureterwith the walls ot'tlie primary comprising-a'generator,.*a carbureter, an chamber sealed by expansion against the her, a: secondary'mi-xing chamber formed in into contact with water gas, and nicanslforni-I disposed therein.

comprising a generator, means for injecting fractory material, means independentof'the carbureter. opening from thegeneratonfor nyectmg I I rich forlean coal gas mto said chamber, a comprising a generator, a highly heated 1 horse slioeshapedxvallsealed by expansion chamber communicating with-said generaag iinst the upper inner surfaceof said cartor, means independent-"of the opening from bu'reter forming aprimary mixing chamber, thegenerator for 1n ect1ng combustlble gas means for-spraying oil into the mixing ehani- Into the upper end. portion of said chamber the carbureter Withi checker-Work therein, ,ing a primary mixing chamber with walls and a fixing chamber or superheater witlnsealed by expansion at the top thereof, said snecia'lly arranged checker-work material wallsbeing adapte j I the mixing chamber "in a pluralityof 5. An apparatus for making water gas, streams.

10-. An'apparatus for making water gas,

blasts of a-ir and steam therein, a carbureter, comprising a generator, a highly heated 'an economi'zing chamber connected with said chamber communicating with said generag'eneratorand ca rbureter thickly lined with tor," means independent ofth e opening from refractory material, means independent of the generator for injectingcombustible gas the opening froni the generator for injecting into the said chamber into contact with vater combustible gasinto the upper end portion gas, and mean's forming a primary mixing 9Q An apparatus for making water gas,

d to lead the gases into economizmgz-chamberformed atone side of inner upper surface of the carburcter, and l the carbureter and thickly linedlwith rcasecondary mixing chamber formed in said chamber With walls sealed by expansion at into said' chamber, a carbureter, a primary 10 the top thereof, said walls dividing the gases mixing chamber formed at the upper end into a plurality of streams as they enter-said portion of the carburcter with its upper mixing chamber. Walls sealed by expansion against the inner' 11. An apparatus for making Water gas, top surface of said carbureter, means at the comprising a generator, a highly heated top of the carbureter for spraying oil into 15 chamber communicatingwith said generacontact with said Walls, and a secondary tor, means independent of the opening'from mixing chamber formed in said carbureter. the generator for injecting combustible gas THOMAS F. HOLDEN 

